EVOLUTION OF CINEMA (VIDEO EXAMPLES)

REFERENCE:

http://filmmakeriq.com/lessons/the-changing-shape-of-cinema-the-history-of-aspect-ratio/

Evolution of The Film Industry:

REFERENCE:
https://vimeo.com/89445851

FILM

Film is a chemical procedure which is utilized for analogue recording, copying, playback, broadcasting and presentation of moving visual and audio media on a material celluloid.

Film gate: 24 frames/second

Celluloid comes as a transparent, flammable plastic made in sheets from camphor and nitrocellulose. It was utilized in order to make cinematographic movies.

The first celluloid film came in size 16mm. The small negative size implied that movies frequently seemed grainy.

The entry of a bigger 35mm negative enhanced picture quality.

Film Sizes: 16mm, 35mm, 70mm (IMAX Projector)

Video is an electronic medium utilized for analogue recording, replicating, playback, TV and presentation of moving visual and audio media on magnetic tape consuming an analogue video signal.

Digital 0s and 1s (Cassette) and Cassette with curves.

Digital video is a sort of digital recording system that functions by recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display utilizing a digital as opposed to an analogue video signal.

Difference between Analog and Digital signal (MICRO TASK)

A continuous wave represented by a sine wave and may differ in signal quality.

Digital sign utilizing binart (0s and 1s), and thus, can't tackle any fractional values.

OR

Analog waves are smooth and ceaseless, digital waves are steeping, square, and discrete.

Digital cinematography alludes to the procedure of catching motion pictures as digital video pictures instead of the historical utilization of motion picture celluloid film.

Digital capture may take place on video tape, hard disks, flash memory, or other media which can record digital data using a digital movie video camera or additional digital video.

Manipulation of Time and Space

The purpose of manipulation of time and space is when the editor produces something that can't be filmed. The procedure must be done whilst it's being edited. The purpose of this procedure is to show time moving visibly. The procedure demonstrates characters, environment or an article change over a timeframe, a case of this could be a man getting older or more youthful. This technique is utilized in various films; in order to allow the audience to see the change visibly.

·         Time can be shortened and extended.

·         Space can be compacted and extended.

·         Wide angles can be utilized to restrain expansive spaces to the dimensions of aspect ratio and frame.

·         Deep focus can be utilized as a part of conjunction with lighting effects to enhance colossal depth and detail to inside spaces.

·         Cutting starting with one location then onto the next location can make the two seem associated.

·         Editorial techniques, for example, ellipsis and expansion of time manipulation as it is experienced by the audience.  

·         Flashbacks exhibiting recalled occasions in a character's memory can be utilized to uncover key parts of plot;

·         Flash forwards into the future can uncover what a character is planning/envisaging/expecting.

This clip is from Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. This time travel clip portrays both manipulation of time and space within the same frame. The minute when Hermoine starts to rotate the time turner we can see both Harry and Hermoine in the centre in present time, and soon a lot of other characters are “seen” in the frame in fast motion, or in speeded up motion. That is a manipulation of time and action as we can see time is speeded up. The manipulation of diegetic time and space alludes to a scope of techniques utilized as a part of filmmaking to change the dimensions of space and time in ways that would not be conceivable, in actuality.

Manipulation of Diegetic Space (HISTORY):

DW Griffith's movies utilized early models of this strategy, in that they understood that not all in a plot must be shot for it to make sense. One of the first scene of The Musketeers, leads right onto another where a lady and a man from the first scene appear from a doorway yet you don’t see them really go through it. The reason for it is to make pace in the film and make it additionally intriguing, as we don't need to observe each and every point of detail to understand a plot.

Edwin Porter's film 'Life of an American Fireman' was a development in some of its editing methods.

It was one of the first movies to use manipulation of diegetic space as its well-known scene that moves from the fourth wall drama set up, to a scene of genuine life fire engines hurrying to a fire, driving the viewer to connect the two occasion together. Utilizing the same thoughts from The Musketeers, Porter created on the utilization of manipulation of diegetic space, making a more intriguing film with an improved pace, an unmistakable change of prior inspiration for the film.

The first scene additionally displays a more modern form of special effects; the "vision" the man is having, is a projection; yet it seems to be an idea "bubble" of his thoughts.

The film likewise utilizes transition, for example, fades and screen wipes. These have been evolved throughout the years yet are extremely elementary, based on the fact that it was taken in 1903.

Manipulation of Diegetic Time (HISTORY):

Manipulation of diegetic time is the procedure utilized as a part of film making when time is utilized in a non-conventional way; film makers use it to either demonstrate that time has passed and moved more rapidly than it would ordinarily (Hollywood) or have a greater amount of prominence on the connection between a specific occasion or picture and the impact on the viewer (Soviet).

Montages (chains of short shots are edited into a sequence to shorten space, time, and information) began in Soviet Russia at the peak of the revolution. This tool is exceptionally artistic as it can be utilized to convey in the cinema what is the equal to literary metaphor. For instance, the workers are being executed in the film 'Strike', Eisenstein rapidly cut to a shot of a bull being butchered, in this manner giving the discernment that the masses were being butchered like animals.

Edwin Porter was recognised for utilizing an assortment of shots, making his movies, for example, the Great Train Robbery and the Life of an American Fireman all the more intriguing and improved editing. This motivated Griffith to likewise utilize an assortment of shots in his works, for example, Birth of a Nation for variety and to make a more stimulating film. In the long run this all lead to the advancement of the soviet montage as they took the foundation of moving time yet created it to depict more challenging subjects in an artistic manner.

Soviet film maker Sergei Eisenstein was thought to be the 'father of montages' as he utilized them as a part of his movies in the early 1900s.

The intention of Soviet Montages are to get the audience to make the association between the juxtaposed ideas.

REFERENCE: https://prezi.com/md1tkb0ds-vr/no-touchy/

19 Camera Shot Examples

AERIAL SHOT:

The Sound Of Music (1965).

BRIDGING SHOT:

Raiders Of The Lost Ark (1981).

CLOSE-UP:

The Passion Of Joan Of Arc (1928).

MEDIUM SHOT:

John Ford film (The Searchers).

LONG SHOT:

David Lean's Lawrence Of Arabia (1962).

DEEP FOCUS SHOT:

Citizen Kane (1941).

DOLLY ZOOM:

Jaws (1975).

ESTABLISHING SHOT:

Shawshank Redemption (1994).

HANDHELD SHOT:

Scorsese's Mean Streets (1973).

LOW-ANGLE SHOT:

Star Wars Episode IV A New Hope (1977).

HIGH-ANGLE SHOT:

OVER-THE-SHOULDER-SHOT:

The Godfather (1972).

PAN:

Brian de Palma's Blow Out (1981).

POV SHOT:

Halloween (1978).

STEADICAM SHOT:

Goodfellas (1990).

TILT:

Robert Altman's Nashville (1975).

TRACKING SHOT:

Stanley Kubrick's Paths Of Glory (1957).

ZOOM:

The Conversation (1974).

CRANE SHOT:

Gone With The Wind (1939).

Camera Angles, Movements, Framing by Varshini

Camera shots, Angles, Movement

Shot Variation (CONT'D)